Dakshinayana Sankranti, also known as Karka Sankranti or Karkataka Sankranti, marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Cancer (Karka). It typically falls on June 21st or 22nd each year, marking the beginning of the Dakshinayana phase in the Hindu calendar. Dakshinayana is the southern journey of the Sun, which lasts for six months until the winter solstice (Makar Sankranti).
In Hindu traditions, Dakshinayana Sankranti is considered an auspicious time for religious activities and rituals. It is believed that during this period, the gods are asleep, and thus spiritual practices are more focused on internal reflection and introspection rather than external celebrations.
The significance of Dakshinayana Sankranti varies across different regions of India, but common observances include bathing in holy rivers (especially the Ganges), offering prayers to Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva, and performing charity. It marks the beginning of the Chaturmas period, during which many religious observances, fasting, and penance are undertaken.
Overall, Dakshinayana Sankranti symbolizes a shift in cosmic energies and is an important marker in the Hindu calendar, signifying the onset of a different phase in celestial movements and religious practices.
The Punya Kaal Muhurta will last for six hours and forty-nine minutes while the Mahapunya Kaal Muhurta will last for two hours and sixteen minutes.
Some Key Facts
The Sun moves into the Southern hemisphere during Dakshinayana and the period is considered to be the night-time for Gods. It is usually believed that Lord Vishnu goes to sleep during the Dakshinayana phase. The period is considered auspicious as Pitra make their way to the Mother Earth during Dakshinayana. They then wait for their children to perform the ritual of Shradh.In Hindu mythology, Shradh has its significance as it enables the soul to attain divine peace. Dakshinayana is considered to be the best time to perform Shradh and helps the departed soul become oneself with the creator till they attains a new life form.
Rituals
Rituals associated with Dakshinayana Sankranti (Karka Sankranti) vary across different regions of India, but there are some common practices observed:
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Taking Holy Bath: Taking a dip or bath in sacred rivers, especially the Ganges, Yamuna, or other rivers considered holy, is believed to cleanse sins and purify oneself.
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Offering Prayers: Devotees offer prayers to Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva during this time. Lord Vishnu is worshipped for his role as the preserver and sustainer, while Lord Shiva is revered as the destroyer of negativity and ignorance.
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Charity and Donation: Giving alms, donating food, clothes, or money to the needy, and performing acts of charity are considered auspicious during Dakshinayana Sankranti.
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Fasting: Some devotees observe fasting on this day, either abstaining from food altogether or consuming only specific types of food.
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Chaturmas Begins: Dakshinayana Sankranti marks the beginning of the Chaturmas period, which lasts for four months. During this time, many people undertook vows of austerity, fasting, and increased religious observances.
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Recitation of Mantras and Scriptures: Chanting of Vedic mantras, prayers, and recitation of religious texts are common during this period to invoke spiritual blessings.
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Pilgrimages: Many people undertake pilgrimages to holy places and temples during Dakshinayana Sankranti to seek divine blessings and perform religious rituals.
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Cultural Celebrations: In some regions, cultural programs, fairs, and gatherings may be organized to celebrate the arrival of Dakshinayana Sankranti.
These rituals vary in intensity and formality depending on individual beliefs, regional customs, and family traditions. The overarching theme of Dakshinayana Sankranti rituals is spiritual renewal, seeking divine grace, and preparing for a period of introspection and religious observance.
An Auspicious Phase
Dakshinayana Sankranti marks the beginning of an auspicious phase in the Hindu calendar known as the Dakshinayana. Here are some aspects that make this phase significant:
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Cosmic Alignment: Dakshinayana begins with the Sun's transition into the zodiac sign of Cancer (Karka). This marks a significant change in the Sun's position relative to the Earth and sets the stage for a different celestial influence.
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Spiritual Significance: In Hinduism, Dakshinayana is considered a sacred period because it is believed that during this time, the gods are asleep. This metaphorical sleep is seen as a time for introspection, spiritual growth, and focusing on inner consciousness.
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Chaturmas Period: Dakshinayana Sankranti also initiates the Chaturmas period, which spans four months until the next Sankranti (Makar Sankranti). Chaturmas is a time when religious observances, penance, and study of scriptures are emphasized.
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Auspicious for Rituals: Many Hindus consider Dakshinayana Sankranti an auspicious time for performing rituals, especially those related to spiritual advancement and seeking divine blessings.
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Harvest Season: In agricultural communities, this period coincides with the beginning of the monsoon and the sowing of new crops. It is a time of hope and expectation for a good harvest, making it significant for rural communities as well.
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The transition of Energies: Dakshinayana is seen as a transition from the outwardly active phase (Uttarayana) to the inwardly reflective phase. It symbolizes a shift in cosmic energies, from expansion and growth to contemplation and spiritual evolution.
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Cultural and Social Observances: Various cultural practices, rituals, and festivities are observed during Dakshinayana Sankranti across different regions of India. These celebrations often include bathing in holy rivers, offering prayers, fasting, and participating in community events.