The day is remembered as atrocious day of Indian history on which the brutal massacre happened in Jallianwala Bagh of the holy land of Guru Nanak, Amritsar. Jallianwala Bagh massacre of April 13, 1919, was the most inhuman act of the British rulers in India.
It is a day of remembrance for the victims of the massacre and serves as a reflection on the brutal realities of British colonial rule in India. The day is an occasion for the nation to honor the sacrifices made by those who were killed and to reflect on the broader struggle for Indian independence.
History of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
1. Background of the Event
- Historical Context: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred during a period of growing unrest and political agitation against British rule in India.
- The Rowlatt Act: In March 1919, the British government passed the Rowlatt Act, which allowed for the arrest and detention of Indians without trial and restricted civil liberties. This led to widespread protests and demonstrations across India.
2. The Massacre
- Date and Location: On April 13, 1919, Brigadier General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on a large crowd of unarmed Indians gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar.
- Casualties: The troops fired for ten minutes, killing hundreds and injuring over a thousand people. The exact number of casualties is still debated, but estimates range from 379 to 1,000 killed and around 1,200 injured.
3. Aftermath of the Massacre
- Public Outrage: The massacre sparked outrage across India and drew condemnation from various quarters, including some British officials.
- Impact on Indian Independence Movement: The brutality of the massacre intensified the Indian independence movement, leading to greater support for the cause of self-rule and resistance against British colonialism.
Significance of Jallianwala Day
1. Commemoration of Victims
- Honoring Martyrs: The day serves as a solemn occasion to honor the memory of those who lost their lives in the massacre.
- Historical Education: It is a time for educational activities aimed at informing people about the massacre’s significance and the impact it had on India's struggle for independence.
2. Reflection on Colonial History
- Historical Awareness: Jallianwala Day provides an opportunity for reflection on the oppressive nature of colonial rule and the importance of human rights and justice.
3. Promotion of National Unity
- Unity and Strength: The day is also a reminder of the strength of the Indian people’s resolve for independence and their unity in the face of adversity.
Jallianwala Bagh Memorial
1. The Memorial Site
- Jallianwala Bagh: A public garden in Amritsar that serves as a memorial to those who were killed in the massacre. It has a Martyrs’ Memorial, a well where many died trying to escape the bullets, and bullet marks still visible on the walls.
2. Visitors’ Experience
- Guided Tours: The site offers guided tours and historical exhibits that provide information about the events of April 13, 1919.
- Visitor Center: There is a museum and visitor center at Jallianwala Bagh that displays historical artifacts and documents related to the massacre.
How Jallianwala Day is Celebrated
1. Memorial Services and CeremoniesA. Tributes at Jallianwala Bagh
- Wreath Laying Ceremonies: Officials, dignitaries, and members of the public gather at Jallianwala Bagh to lay wreaths at the Martyrs’ Memorial. This act symbolizes respect and remembrance for the victims.
- Silent Prayers: A moment of silence is observed for the victims, and prayers are offered to honor their memory.
- Commemorative Ceremonies: Special ceremonies are held at the Jallianwala Bagh site, often including readings of historical accounts of the massacre and speeches by prominent figures.
B. Official Observances
- Government Events: Various government departments and leaders organize official events, including flag-hoisting ceremonies, speeches, and discussions.
- Public Gatherings: Community gatherings and public events are held to mark the day, where people come together to remember the sacrifices made by those who died in the massacre.
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