Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025 - July 27

Jagannath Rath Yatra, also known as the Rath Yatra, is one of the most significant Hindu festivals celebrated primarily in Puri, Odisha, but also in various other parts of India and the world. It is a grand chariot festival dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a deity worshiped as a form of Lord Krishna. Here’s an in-depth look at the history, significance, and celebration of Jagannath Rath Yatra.

Origins and Mythological Background

1. Ancient Roots:

   • Deity Origin: Lord Jagannath is a form of Lord Krishna, considered the Lord of the Universe. The Jagannath Temple in Puri is an ancient and sacred site, believed to have been established over a thousand years ago.
   • Mythological Stories: The origins of the Rath Yatra are linked to various mythological narratives. One popular story describes how Lord Jagannath, along with his siblings Balabhadra and Subhadra, visits their garden on the outskirts of the city.

2. Historical Development:

   • Medieval Period: The Rath Yatra has been celebrated for centuries. It gained prominence during the rule of King Anangabhima III in the 12th century, who is credited with the construction of the grand chariots for the festival.
   • Chariot Tradition: The tradition of pulling the chariots through the streets of Puri dates back to ancient times. The chariots used in the Yatra are massive and intricately decorated, symbolizing the deities’ journey from the temple to their garden abode.

This spectacular chariot festival celebrated for 8 days is held at the famous Jagannath Temple at Puri (Orissa). Thousands of devotees flock to Puri during the occasion, as they believe that a glimpse of Lord Jagannath in his chariot gives salvation. Images of Lord Jagannath - the Lord of the Universe, his sister Subhadra and brother Balbhadra are taken out in a procession in three immense chariots. The main chariot is 14 meters high and 10 meters square with 16 wheels.
Thousands of devotees pull these chariots to Gundicha Mandir, a temple 3 km away. After a week, on Ashadha Sukla Dasami, the 10th day of the bright fortnight of Ashadha (June-July), the return journey or Bahuda Yatra of the deities commences in the same manner from Gundicha temple to the main temple like Rath Yatra. When two months of Ashadha fall in one year, Rath Yatra is observed as the festival of Nabakalebar the old deities are buried within the temple premises ( Koilibaikuntha ) and are replaced by new deities, carved out of Margosa trees for which there are set procedures. Double Ashadha occurs at intervals of 8 to 19 years. Construction of the chariots begins as early as April.

Jagannath Rath Yatra or the chariot journey of Lord Jagannatha, observed in the month of Ashadha (June-July), is a festival that celebrates the annual visit of the God to his birthplace. The Jagannath Temple at Puri, Orissa is the venue for all celebrations. Several lakh people converge at Puri for this festival. An atmosphere of almost hysterical devotion prevails on this day and in earlier years; devotees were known to have thrown themselves under the wheels of the rath in the hope of obtaining instant salvation.

Images of Jagannath, as Lord Krishna is known, his brother Balabhadra, and sister Subhadra, are taken in giant chariots to Gundicha Ghar. They stay there for a week and then return to the temple. On their journeys, they are accompanied by a huge procession of people, singing and celebrating.

The festival has been celebrated since ancient times. According to a legend about its origin, Jagannatha is said to have expressed his desire to visit his birthplace every year for a week. Accordingly, the deities are taken to the Gundicha Mandir every year.

According to another legend, Subhadra wanted to visit Dwarka, her parent's home, and her brothers took her there on this day. The Yatra is a commemoration of that visit. The Rath Yatra is a symbolic annual procession where Lord Jagannath, along with his siblings Balabhadra and Subhadra, leave their temple to visit the streets of Puri. This journey symbolizes the deities’ grace and their connection with the devotees.

According to the Bhagavad Purana, it is believed that it was on this day that Krishna and Balarama went to Mathura to participate in a wrestling competition, at Kansa's invitation. The festival underscores the idea of divine presence in the world and is a means for devotees to connect with the divine through participation in the grand procession.

Key Rituals of the Yatra

1. Nabakalebara Ceremony:

   • Occasional Ritual: The Nabakalebara, a special ritual performed once every 12 to 19 years, involves replacing the old wooden deities with new ones. This ceremony is an elaborate and sacred event in the Yatra calendar.

2. Rath Yatra Rituals:

   • Morning Rituals: The deities are brought out from the temple to the chariots in a grand procession, which is a significant spiritual event.
   • Chariot Pulling: Devotees pull the chariots along the Grand Road (Bada Danda) to the Gundicha Temple, chanting hymns and singing devotional songs.
   • Return Journey: After a week-long stay at the Gundicha Temple, the deities are brought back to the Jagannath Temple in a return procession known as the Bahuda Yatra.

• Global Outreach: Rath Yatra is celebrated in cities around the world where there are ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness) temples, including in cities like New York, London, and Toronto.
• Cultural Festivals: These celebrations include chariot processions, cultural events, and devotional activities that reflect the traditions of the Puri Rath Yatra.
• UNESCO Recognition: The Jagannath Rath Yatra’s significance is recognized in Odisha’s cultural heritage and has been a subject of scholarly study for its historical and cultural dimensions.

Some Hindus believe that Jagannatha is an incarnation of Vishnu. Since Vishnu has four arms, Balabhadra, Subhadra and Sudarshana represent Vishnu s four arms. Each deity has its own massive chariot, which are replicas of the temple. Jagannatha s chariot, Nandighosha, is yellow in color, 45 ft high and has 16 wheels, each one seven feet in diameter. About 4,200 devotees draw the chariot. Balabhadra s chariot is called Taladhvaja, is blue in color and has 14 wheels. Subhadra s chariot is the smallest, with 12 wheels and is called Deviratha.
Origin of the chariot ride according to a legend, when a poisonous arrow accidentally killed Krishna, his body was left under a tree. Later, someone cremated him and placed the ashes in a box. Directed by Vishnu, Indradyumna requested the divine artisan Vishvakarma to mould an image from the holy relics. Vishvakarma agreed to undertake the task, provided that he was left undisturbed till its completion. When several years passed, Indradyumna became impatient and went to see how work was progressing. Enraged, Vishvakarma left the image incomplete. Indradyumna had ordered the construction of a temple to house the statue. So he ordered his chariot to transport the statue, as it was, to the temple. There, Brahma breathed life into the image.

Locals believe that there existed an incestuous relationship between Jagannatha and his sister Subhadra, which provoked abuses when the images were out in public. The entire yatra is a symbolic humanization of God and an attempt to bring God down from his pedestal of glory to a more human level.

Only the King of Puri and the King of Nepal are allowed to touch the idols as they belong to the Chandravanshi dynasty, the same as Krishna. Then the teeming pilgrims line up and pull the chariot.

When the chariots reach the summerhouse, the idols are installed. The journey back, a week later, consists of another ritual, known as Phera Rath Yatra.Every year, the chariots are broken down, its wood sold as relics and a replica made. However the images of the deities are preserved. It is only when two Ashadha months occur one after the other that the images are changed. This happens once in 12 or 24 years. The ceremony, Naba Kalebar, consists of burying the old images inside the temple. Then new images are created. This practice stems from the belief that in such a year, everything in the universe changes form, and therefore Jagannatha receives the same treatment.

This day is a public holiday in the state. Children are seen on the streets carrying miniature versions of the chariots with tiny idols installed on them. Shops and houses are decorated with flowers, lights and rangoli. Special dishes and sweets are prepared. Most people refrain from eating non-vegetarian food. As this festival falls during the monsoon season, people also thank the Gods for their mercy and bounty, by participating in the procession. Nowhere else is a deity, once consecrated, taken out of the temple. The Jagannatha Temple at Puri is the sole exception to this general rule. Infact during the Ratha Yatra, the chariots become mobile temples, which sanctify the city.

The Jagannath Rath Yatra is a grand and spiritually enriching festival that has evolved from ancient traditions to become a major religious and cultural event. It embodies the rich heritage of Odisha and continues to inspire millions with its message of divine grace and community devotion.

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